German scientists from the University of Heidelberg and other institutions have discovered that even short-term restrictions on smartphone use significantly affect brain activity related to dopamine and serotonin—neurotransmitters that regulate mood and addiction. The study was published in the medical journal Computers in Human Behavior (CHB).
The team recruited 25 young adults, ages 18 to 30, who were regular smartphone users. Participants completed psychological tests and questionnaires to assess their device usage habits and emotional state. They were then asked to limit smartphone use for 72 hours, restricting it to work, daily tasks, and social interactions with loved ones.
Before and after the experiment, volunteers underwent brain scans using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During the scans, they were shown images of neutral scenes, such as landscapes, as well as smartphones—both powered on and off.
Limiting smartphone use was found to significantly alter the activity of brain regions associated with reward and addiction. These changes resemble those observed during withdrawal from addictive substances such as drugs or alcohol.
Both heavy and moderate smartphone users showed similar responses, suggesting that even regular smartphone use can alter brain activity.
Researchers noted that reducing smartphone use affects dopamine and serotonin levels, which may explain changes in mood and behavior.
Scientists recommend setting time limits on smartphone use, using devices only for essential tasks, taking regular breaks, and dedicating time to offline activities.
